How do you know what you know? Media literacy: Home

Fake news became a hot topic during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, when it was reported that a group of enterprising Macedonian teenagers had created over 100 websites containing false information about American politics. This information was shared hundreds of thousands of times by Facebook users who believed it to be true. Did all this fake news influence voters enough to affect the election results? The experts have differing opinions on that, but one thing's for sure:

When you have to make an important decision, you do not want that decision to be based on fake news.

Plus, sharing fake news can damage your credibility. Even the smartest people get fooled sometimes, but the more often you share information that turns out to be false, the harder it will be for your friends and followers (not to mention your teachers and employers) to take you seriously.

The Macedonian teenagers are not, of course, the first people ever to spread fake news, and they won't be the last. Fake news isn't going away any time soon, and it isn't the only problem. Information that isn't fake can still be misleading or misinterpreted.

Think you know how to tell if something's fake?

You might want to think again. In 2016, researchers at Stanford University found that when it comes to judging the credibility of online information, "otherwise digital-savvy students can be easily duped."

So what can we do?

Since the election, companies like Google and Facebook have taken steps toward reducing the amount of fake news on their sites. It's a start, but if you really want to avoid fake news and misleading information, you have to take some of the responsibility yourself. How? By learning to think critically about the information you encounter, and by taking the time to verify information before using or sharing it. The links on this page can help.

Ready to learn how to spot fake news? Here are a few quick-start guides:

More Tips:

What's a filter bubble?

Online services like Google and Facebook use computer programming algorithms to determine what information to deliver to you. Your “filter bubble” (a term coined by Eli Pariser) refers to the idea that this automated personalization, though helpful in some ways, can isolate you from other information. Sometimes referred to as an "echo chamber," the filter bubble created by your online activity can limit your exposure to different points of view, and weaken your ability to avoid fake news and bias.

You can't get rid of your filter bubble entirely, but you can take steps to shrink it. Here are some suggestions:

• How To Burst Your Filter Bubble provides practical tips such as deleting your browsing history, adjusting your Facebook settings, and turning off targeted ads.
• How To Pop Your Filter Bubble takes a more behavioral approach by encouraging you to "click outside your comfort zone," "follow someone unexpected," and actively seek out different perspectives. A similar approach is outlined in a short video called 5 Ways to Beat Confirmation Bias.

• When searching for news, try AllSides, a website that presents articles from the left, center, and right of each issue.
• Read Across The Aisle is an app designed to help you make sure you're reading varied points of view.
• EscapeYourBubble is a Chrome extension that sends curated articles from across the aisle to your email or Facebook feed.
• The Wall Street Journal's Blue Feed, Red Feed presents side-by-side liberal and conservative Facebook posts on selected topics (but warns that the posts are not edited or verified).

The boxes below contain additional resources for fighting fake news, but before you keep scrolling...

...take a moment to breathe.

Too much news, real or fake, can lead to information overload, a situation where there's so much information coming at us so fast that we can't think straight. Here are some tips to keep from losing your mind, and some meditative music to help you relax.

There, don't you feel better?
Now keep calm and carry on...

"Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who has said it, even if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your own common sense." --Buddha

(Probably the best advice you'll see on this website, but did the Buddha really say it?)